Sunni politics : ​ค้นหาหนังสือธรรมะ หน้า 1 / 1

failed to attract a substantial following. Finally, the growing importance of Hizbollah in Lebanon is probably another factor. Hizbollah has become not only a domestic player capable of paralyzing the

This text analyzes the socio-political dynamics affecting Shi’a Muslims in the Middle East, highlighting their status in various countries, including Iran, Iraq, and Bahrain. While Hizbollah has estab

nizations with local roots. They understand the importance and advantages of a decentralized system. They appear to have very little respect for the central government or even for Sunni politicians in

This text examines the intricate dynamics of Sunni political groups in Iraq amid changing power structures. Local organizations show a preference for decentralized systems, often in conflict with each

Although Iran is a center around which Shi’i resentment could coalesce, two factors reduce the likelihood that the Tehran regime will encourage such a development. One is that Iran aspires to be the c

The complexities of Iran's relationship with Sunni states underscore the ongoing challenges in Middle Eastern diplomacy. Iran seeks to be a leader in the region, supporting not only Shiite factions bu

the United States during 2007 has helped reduce violence, there has not been any corresponding political progress. Different Iraqi political figures and forces have competing and often changing vision

Post-2007, the United States achieved a reduction in violence in Iraq, yet significant political progress remains elusive. Iraqi political factions hold varying visions for the nation's future, with t

None of this remarkable spate of diplomatic activity has so far removed the underlying tension between Sunni regimes and the government in Tehran. Fear of a nuclear Iran in the region remains quite hi

Despite a series of diplomatic initiatives aimed at alleviating tensions between Sunni governments and the Iranian regime, fears of a nuclear Iran persist in the region. Both parties seem committed to

About the Authors MARINA OTTAWAY is a senior associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program and director of the Carnegie Middle East Program. Her most recent book, Beyond the Façade: Political Re

This section highlights the contributions of key authors associated with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Marina Ottaway, a senior associate, leads the Democracy and Rule of Law Program

albeit it is still inappropriate to talk about an axis. Iraq's problems, and possible solutions, are so closely intertwined with Iran that it is no longer possible to discuss solutions for Iraq withou

Iraq's current situation as a failed state is deeply intertwined with Iran's influence. The U.S. invasion has led to a power struggle, making it impossible for Iraq to function effectively. Political

Discrimination inevitably breeds discontent and resentment, and those certainly exist among Shi’i minorities in the Gulf and, of course, in Lebanon. The real question, however, is whether this resentm

The text examines the roots of resentment among Shi’i minorities in the Gulf and Lebanon, noting its implications for political activism. Discrimination and resentment have led to instances of violenc

retrenchment into a more ideological posture by a movement that has sought, but has so far been denied, a legitimate political role. The adoption and subsequent abandonment of the freedom agenda broug

The text discusses the complexities faced in promoting democracy in Arab nations, highlighting the influence of incumbent regimes resistant to political reform. It notes that, despite potential allies

The weakness of the secular opposition is not entirely of its own making. Arab authoritarian and semi-authoritarian regimes—many of which have been ruling their societies in the name of secular ideolo

In Arab societies, secular opposition has struggled against longstanding authoritarian regimes that repress liberal ideologies, while conservative social attitudes limit their political expression. A

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing cooperation between nations and promoting active

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a nonprofit organization focused on fostering cooperation between nations and enhancing U.S. involvement globally. Established in 1910, this nonpartis

Buddhist Manuscripts in China: A Case Study of Theravāda Buddhist Manuscripts in Sipsong Panna (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, PRC) Joe Zhou Ya China, like many other countries in the world, is a c

This article delves into the rich tapestry of Buddhist culture in China, specifically focusing on the Theravāda Buddhism of the Dai people in Sipsong Panna, Yunnan Province. Buddhism's introduction to

ซึ่งในปัจจุบันนี้ศาสนาอิสลามมีนิกายที่สำคัญที่มีชาวมุสลิม นับถืออยู่ทั่วโลกดังต่อไปนี้ 1. นิกายซุนนี (Sunni) คำว่า “ซุนนี” แปลว่า “มรรคา” หรือ “จารีต” เป็นนิกายของ ศาสนาอิสลามที่นับถือคัมภีร์เล่มหนึ่ง

เนื้อหานี้นำเสนอเกี่ยวกับนิกายสำคัญของศาสนาอิสลาม โดยเน้นพูดถึงนิกายซุนนีและชีอะฮ์ โดยนิกายซุนนีถือว่าเป็นนิกายดั้งเดิมซึ่งมีผู้ติดตามมากที่สุดในโลก และยังเป็นออร์ทอดอกซ์ที่ยึดมั่นในคำสอนตามคัมภีร์อัล

which ended conclusively with a UN-mandated cease-fire and eventually a return to the status quo, made it very clear that neither country could break the balance of power. By removing Saddam Hussein,

This text discusses the significant changes in the balance of power in the Middle East following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq and the subsequent rise of Iranian influence in the region. The removal o

The physical heart is an organ. Nowadays, doctors can stop the beating of the heart while operating on a patient with heart problems and are able to restart the beating once the operation is finished.

เนื้อหาสำรวจเกี่ยวกับหัวใจทางกายภาพและหัวใจทางจิตวิญญาณซึ่งเป็นสิ่งต่างกัน คำสอนของพระพุทธเจ้าที่มีความรู้ในสมัยโบราณเกี่ยวกับจักรวาลและแนวคิดเรื่องบุญ ผู้เขียนยืนยันในเรื่องบุญและกรรมซึ่งมีผลต่อชีวิต

The physical heart is an organ. Nowadays, doctors can stop the beating of the heart while operating on a patient with heart problems and are able to restart the beating once the operation is finished.

บทความนี้ศึกษาความแตกต่างระหว่างหัวใจทางกายภาพกับหัวใจทางจิตวิญญาณ โดยยกตัวอย่างจากพระไตรปิฎกที่บอกถึงแนวคิดที่ไม่เป็นที่รู้จักในสมัยนั้น เช่น การมีจักรวาลมากกว่าหนึ่งจักรวาล และความสำคัญของการสร้างบุ

but set aside its criticism when this was in its interest. It was never in agreement with the United States and sought other allies, but never became so antagonistic as to provoke a strong American re

The text explores the evolving relationship between Syria and the United States, highlighting key moments such as the leadership transition from Hafez al-Assad to Bashar al-Assad, the impact of the Ir

port they enjoyed, gave names to the rival groupings: the March14 anti-Syrian forces and the March 8 pro-Syrian forces. The March 14 demonstrations, which in the U.S. narrative became the Cedar Revolu

This text discusses the political dynamics in Lebanon following the Cedar Revolution, highlighting the division between the anti-Syrian March 14 coalition and the pro-Syrian March 8 forces. It outline

REALTIES OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST 21 otherwise unwelcome consequences..... And another message should be equally clear: leaders who abandon the pursuit of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, and

This text discusses the complexities and challenges in the New Middle East, particularly regarding nuclear ambitions of countries like Saudi Arabia and Egypt, and the decline of the U.S. freedom agend

Rice gave a more detailed explanation of the American approach to democratic reform in a speech in Cairo in June 2005. In January 2006, the United States went further: it canceled a meeting planned to

In a speech in Cairo in June 2005, Rice underscored U.S. democratic reform measures. The U.S. reacted to Egypt's governance by canceling a free-trade agreement due to human rights concerns. While some